Eczema, this chronic and inflammatory skin disease , affects millions of people around the world, manifesting itself in various types of eczema such as atopic eczema, contact eczema , or even atopic dermatitis.
Characterized by red patches , dry and atopic skin , eczema causes major discomfort, mainly due to the most difficult symptom to bear: incessant scratching. The main objective in managing eczema is therefore to relieve these symptoms, while trying to prevent new outbreaks of eczema and finding anti-itching cosmetic treatments.
The causes of atopic eczema
The origins of atopic eczema and the factors triggering its episodes are multiple, often involving a family context of atopy. In fact, research indicates that 50 to 70% of children suffering from atopic eczema have at least one close family member (parent, sibling) who has also been affected by this condition.
Atopic eczema is the result of genetically transmitted abnormalities affecting the immune system and the skin barrier:
- Affected individuals produce excessive amounts of IgE antibodies in response to environmental allergens (such as dust mites, animal hair, and pollen).
- The skin of people with atopic skin is characterized by marked dryness and the absence of the natural protective hydrolipidic film. This situation results from a lipid deficiency in the upper layers of the epidermis and from dysfunctions of key proteins for the skin's barrier function, such as filaggrin. These failures facilitate the penetration of allergens into the epidermis, where they activate a disproportionate inflammatory response, responsible for the manifestations of eczema.
The environment also plays a crucial role in the onset and exacerbation of atopic dermatitis, with factors such as excessive hygiene, frequent washing of the skin, lack of ventilation in living spaces, dry and cold atmospheric conditions, cohabitation with domestic animals, changes in diet, exposure to tobacco, urban and industrial pollution, as well as bacterial and viral infections.
Triggers for flare-ups vary from person to person, but the most common include changes in weather, hot showers, irritating bubble baths and soaps, heat, wearing wool clothing, using perfumes and certain cosmetic products, perspiration, emotional stress, and the consumption of certain foods.
What products to soothe atopic eczema?
Moisturizing creams and shea butter
The basis of any eczema treatment lies in hydrating the skin. Moisturizers play a crucial role in forming a protective barrier on the skin, preventing moisture loss and protecting against external irritants. Among the most effective moisturizers, ceramides and shea butter are particularly recommended. Rich in fatty acids, lipids and vitamins, they deeply nourish and repair the skin barrier, thus reducing inflammation and the need to scratch.
Cleansing oils
Cleansing oils offer a gentle alternative to traditional soaps, which can be too drying for sensitive skin.
A cleansing gel is considered gentle due to its formulation enriched with non-aggressive cleansing agents, which cleanse effectively without disrupting the skin's protective hydrolipidic film or altering its natural pH. These products often contain moisturizing and soothing components, such as glycerol, aloe or shea butter, which help maintain skin hydration and reduce feelings of irritation. Plus, they're generally free of irritating substances like sulfates, parabens, and synthetic fragrances, making them particularly suitable for skin that's sensitive, dry, or prone to conditions like eczema.
By incorporating a cleansing oil into your skincare routine, you choose a cleanse that respects the skin's hydrolipidic film, thus avoiding aggravating the symptoms of eczema .
Anti-itching and protection of the immune system
One of the trickiest aspects of managing eczema is controlling the urge to scratch the affected areas, which can lead to worsening skin lesions and encourage infections. Creams and lotions specifically designed to soothe itching are available. These products may contain ingredients like menthol, which provides a cooling sensation and temporarily relieves the urge to scratch. Additionally, taking care of your immune system is essential, as atopic eczema is often linked to an overreaction of the immune system. A balanced diet rich in natural anti-inflammatories and omega-3s can support immune function and reduce skin inflammation.
Natural approaches and lifestyle
Beyond topical products, the approach to treating eczema may benefit from lifestyle changes and the use of natural remedies. Hydrating from the inside by drinking enough water, maintaining a healthy and balanced diet, and managing stress are all factors that can positively influence the development of eczema. Relaxation and meditation techniques can help control stress, often a trigger for eczema flare-ups.
What cosmetic ingredients to soothe eczema?
- Ceramides
Essential for restoring the skin barrier, ceramides help retain moisture and protect the skin against external irritants.
- Glycerin
Glycerin is a hydrating agent that draws water into the upper layer of the skin, thereby increasing its water content and reducing dryness.
- Shea Butter
Rich in fatty acids and vitamins, shea butter nourishes, soothes and repairs the skin, while forming a protective barrier against harmful elements.
- Natural oils
Oils like coconut oil, sweet almond oil, and jojoba oil can provide deep hydration, reduce inflammation, and support skin repair.
- Aloe Vera
Known for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, aloe vera can help soothe the itching and redness associated with eczema.
- Niacinamide , also called vitamin B3
Niacinamide can improve the skin barrier, reduce inflammation and increase skin hydration.
It helps maintain skin hydration, making it more supple and less prone to irritation and itching.
- Zinc oxide
Although more often associated with sunscreen and diaper ointments, zinc oxide has soothing properties and can help reduce inflammation and protect the skin.
- Chamomile extract
Chamomile is known for its calming effects and can help soothe inflamed and irritated skin.
- Allantoin
This ingredient promotes skin healing, reduces itching and helps soften the skin.
Conclusion
In conclusion, although there is no definitive cure for eczema, a judicious combination of specific products and lifestyle modifications can go a long way in relieving symptoms and reducing the frequency of new outbreaks .
Whether through the use of moisturizers or gentle cleansing oils, or through the implementation of anti-itching strategies and immune system support, everyone with eczema can find a care regime that suits them. your skin type and specific needs. It is always recommended to consult a dermatologist to obtain a personalized treatment plan tailored to your situation.
Sources
Ameli. Eczema or atopic dermatitis : causes, symptoms and progress