Why and how to exfoliate facial skin?

Facial exfoliation is a crucial step in your beauty routine for clear, smooth, radiant skin. Whether you have oily, normal or sensitive skin, this practice is essential to remove dead cells from the epidermis, promote cell renewal and preserve the balance of the skin's hydrolipidic film. In this article, we'll explore what facial exfoliation is, why it's important, how to carry it out, and which skincare and cosmetic actives to choose according to your skin type.

What is facial exfoliation?

Facial exfoliation is the process of removing dead cells from the skin's surface. These dead cells can clog pores, dull the complexion and roughen the skin. There are two main methods of facial exfoliation: mechanical exfoliation and chemical exfoliation.

• MECHANICAL SCRUBBING

Mechanical scrubs are exfoliating products that rely on abrasive particles to remove dead skin cells. Here's more on how to use them:

Method of action Mechanical scrubs work by gently rubbing abrasive particles against the skin. These particles usually have a rough texture, such as grains of sugar, salt, fruit stones, coffee beans or synthetic microbeads. When massaged into the skin, these particles dislodge dead cells from the upper layer of the epidermis.

Galenics Mechanical scrubs are often marketed as exfoliating creams, gels or pastes. These products contain both the exfoliating particles and other moisturizing ingredients to help soothe the skin during exfoliation.

Application When applying a mechanical scrub, it is essential to use gentle, circular movements. This minimizes the risk of irritation or skin damage. Avoid rubbing too vigorously, as this can lead to excessive abrasion.

Frequency of use The frequency of use depends on your skin type. For oily skin, they can be used two or three times a week. For normal skin, once a week is generally sufficient, and for sensitive skin, we recommend limiting use to once or twice a month.

• CHEMICAL EXFOLIATION

Chemical exfoliation uses fruit acids or enzymes to dissolve dead skin cells.

Among the acids used in chemical exfoliation, salicylic acid is particularly effective for oily skin. This beta-hydroxy acid penetrates pores, dissolves impurities, regulates sebum production and helps prevent skin eruptions.

Fruit enzymes Fruit enzymes, such as papain (papaya extract) and bromelain (pineapple extract), are commonly used for sensitive skin. These enzymes gently break down dead skin cells without the need to rub the skin, making them more suitable for sensitive skin.

Mode of action Chemical exfoliants work by chemically breaking down the bonds between dead skin cells. This allows these cells to detach more easily from the skin's surface. Unlike mechanical scrubs, chemical exfoliants do not require physical friction to remove dead skin cells.

Galenics Chemical exfoliants are often available as toners, serums, masks or lotions. They contain controlled concentrations of acids or enzymes for more precise application.

Instructions for use vary according to the product. Some chemical exfoliants are left on the skin for a short period, then rinsed off, while others are designed for more prolonged application. Always follow the specific instructions for the product you are using.

Why exfoliate the skin?

Facial exfoliation has many benefits, whatever your skin type.

• Eliminate dead cells from the epidermis: Dead cells on the skin's surface can clog pores, causing imperfections and a dull complexion. Exfoliation removes them, revealing brighter skin.

• Promote cell renewal: By stimulating the production of new skin cells, exfoliation contributes to younger, healthier skin. Cell regeneration takes around 28 days, but exfoliation speeds up the process.

• Preserving the balance of the hydrolipidic film: The hydrolipidic film is the skin's natural barrier, made up of water and lipids. Proper exfoliation helps maintain this balance by removing dead cells while preserving the skin's protective barrier.

• Prepare skin for other skin care products: Exfoliated skin absorbs skin care products better. Applying your moisturizer or serums after exfoliation helps active ingredients penetrate the skin.

How do I exfoliate my skin?

Facial exfoliation must be carried out with care to avoid irritating the skin. Here's how to proceed:

1. Prepare your skin Start by cleansing your skin to remove all traces of make-up and dirt. Use a cleanser suited to your skin type.
2. Apply a dab of exfoliating product Use a small amount of your exfoliant, whether mechanical or chemical - although the chemical cleanser is less aggressive for your skin. The product should be adapted to your skin type.
3. Apply with care Spread the exfoliant over your face, avoiding the area around the eyes. For mechanical exfoliation, use gentle circular movements. For chemical exfoliation, follow the product's instructions, usually leaving it on for a while.
4. Rinse with lukewarm water After application, rinse your face thoroughly with lukewarm water to remove any exfoliating residue.
5. Moisturize your skin After exfoliation, apply a moisturizing cream to soothe the skin and restore moisture. This will help prevent dryness or irritation.
6. Frequency of exfoliation The frequency of exfoliation depends on your skin type. Oily skin types can generally exfoliate two to three times a week, while normal or sensitive skin types should limit exfoliation to once or twice a week.

Which skincare products and cosmetic active ingredients should you use to exfoliate your skin type?

For oily skin
Oily skin tends to produce excess sebum, which can clog pores and encourage the appearance of acne. Exfoliation is essential for removing excess sebum and dead skin cells, while helping to prevent breakouts. Here's what you should look for in your exfoliating products:

• Salicylic acid: This beta-hydroxy acid, also known as salicylic acid, is an ideal choice for oily skin. It penetrates deep into the pores, dissolving impurities, dead skin cells and excess sebum. It's effective at preventing acne and brightening skin. Look for cleansers, gels or lotions containing salicylic acid.
• Gel or lotion exfoliants: Opt for gentle gel or lotion exfoliants containing fine exfoliating particles. They help remove dead skin cells without causing irritation. Microbeads or bamboo grains are good options.
• Frequent use: Oily skin can generally exfoliate two to three times a week, depending on your skin's tolerance. However, make sure not to exfoliate excessively, as this may cause irritation.

 

For "normal" skin

People with normal skin are lucky enough not to have problems with excessive dryness or sebum production. This means you have more flexibility when it comes to exfoliation. Here are some recommendations for your skin type:

• Gentle scrubs: For normal skin, opt for gentle scrubs based on natural ingredients such as oats, sugar or clay. These products gently remove dead skin cells, revealing a more radiant complexion. They are ideal for weekly use.
• Fruit Enzyme Scrubs: Fruit enzyme scrubs, such as papain and bromelain, are a gentle and effective option for normal skin. They help remove dead skin cells without causing irritation. You can use them once or twice a week.

For sensitive skin

Sensitive skin requires a gentler approach to exfoliation. Too much aggressiveness can cause irritation, redness and a burning sensation. Here's how to care for sensitive skin:

• Gentle chemical exfoliants: Look for gentle chemical exfoliants containing fruit enzymes, such as papain or bromelain. These enzymes break down dead skin cells gently without abrasion. Avoid exfoliants containing strong acids, as they can be too aggressive.
• Limited frequency: Sensitive skin should limit exfoliation to once or twice a week. Monitor your skin carefully for any adverse reactions, and reduce the frequency if necessary.
• Careful rinsing: After exfoliation, be sure to rinse your face thoroughly with lukewarm water to remove any exfoliant residue. Avoid hot water, as it can further irritate sensitive skin.

In conclusion, facial exfoliation is an essential step in your beauty routine to maintain healthy, radiant skin. By choosing the right type of exfoliator and adapting your routine to your skin type, you can enjoy the benefits of exfoliation while avoiding irritation. Remember to be gentle with your skin and moisturize after exfoliation for optimal results.