What are the benefits of lactic acid for the skin?

L’lactic acid is a key ingredient in skincare, valued for its gentle exfoliating and hydrating properties. Derived from milk fermentation or plant sources, it belongs to the alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) family. Whether for smoothing complexion, improving skin texture, or reducing signs of aging, lactic acid offers numerous benefits for the skin.

1. What is lactic acid?

Lactic acid is a water-soluble alpha-hydroxy acid. It primarily works on the skin's surface to stimulate cell renewal and improve hydration. Unlike some other more aggressive AHAs, lactic acid is known for its high tolerance, even on sensitive skin.

It is used in various formulations: creams, serums, lotions, gentle chemical peels, and masks.

2. The main benefits of lactic acid

a. Gentle exfoliation

Lactic acid removes dead skin cells from the skin's surface, which is known as gentle exfoliation, promoting regular skin renewal. This gentle chemical exfoliation:

  • Smooths skin texture.

  • Reduces the appearance of enlarged pores.

  • Prepares the skin to better absorb other treatments.

b. Enhanced hydration

Lactic acid is an excellent humectant, meaning it draws water to skin cells. It:

  • Maintains hydration.

  • Reduces skin dryness and tightness.

  • Improves skin suppleness and comfort.

c. Brightening the complexion

By promoting cell renewal and removing pigmented dead skin cells, lactic acid:

  • Fades light dark spots.

  • Evens out skin tone.

  • Gives the skin a brighter appearance.

d. Stimulating collagen

Regular use of lactic acid can stimulate collagen production, thereby enhancing skin elasticity and reducing the appearance of fine lines and early signs of aging.

e. Gentle for sensitive skin

Compared to other AHAs like glycolic acid, lactic acid is better tolerated by sensitive or reactive skin, allowing for regular exfoliation without excessive irritation.

3. Optimal use of lactic acid

a. Concentration and frequency

  • Cosmetic formulations generally contain between 2% and 12% lactic acid for daily or weekly use.

  • Dermatological peels can reach higher concentrations (30-50%) but require professional supervision.

b. Application method

  • Apply to clean, dry skin.

  • Start with low concentrations to test tolerance.

  • Gradually increase frequency if the skin tolerates it.

c. Sun protection

Lactic acid increases sun sensitivity. Therefore, it is essential to combine its use with a daily sunscreen to prevent hyperpigmentation and sun damage.

4. Main indications for lactic acid

  • Dull and rough skin: to smooth and improve texture.

  • Uneven skin tone or light spots: to even out and brighten.

  • First wrinkles and fine lines: to stimulate collagen and firm the skin.

  • Dry and sensitive skin: to hydrate and soothe tightness.

  • Prevention of mild acne: gentle exfoliation helps limit pore blockage and the formation of blackheads and whiteheads.

5. Precautions for Use

  • Avoid combining with highly irritating products (strong retinoids, concentrated benzoyl peroxide) at first.

  • Start with 1 to 2 times per week and gradually increase.

  • Always apply a sunscreen in the morning to protect sensitized skin.

  • In case of irritation, reduce frequency or concentration, and consult a dermatologist if necessary.

6. Expected Results

With regular and appropriate use:

  • Brighter and more even skin tone.

  • Less visible pores and smoother skin.

  • Improved hydration and skin comfort.

  • Fine lines reduced thanks to collagen stimulation.

Results are generally visible after 4 to 8 weeks of regular use.

7. Conclusion

Lactic acid is a versatile active ingredient that combines gentle exfoliation, hydration, and collagen stimulation, offering a solution suitable for sensitive, mature, or dull skin. Its regular use helps to smooth the skin, even out skin tone, and improve its texture while limiting irritation.

In summary, lactic acid is an excellent choice to incorporate into an anti-aging, brightening routine, or simply to maintain healthy and radiant skin.

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