Freckles, these small marks of pigmentation often considered signs of beauty, are the result of a complex process linked to genetics, exposure to the sun and sensitivity of the skin. In this article, we analyze the different factors that contribute to the appearance of these freckles and their meaning.
Why do freckles appear?
- Genetic
Genetics is the starting point for explaining the appearance of freckles, also called ephelides, because it plays an essential role.
The link between genetics and freckles lies in the hereditary transmission of certain genetic traits that influence skin pigmentation. Freckles are often associated with a higher concentration of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin, hair, and eye color .
Several genes involved in the production of melanin and the regulation of its distribution in the skin have been identified as having an impact on the propensity to develop freckles. These genes influence not only the amount of melanin produced, but also how it is distributed across the skin's surface.
If a person's parents or grandparents have freckles, it is likely that the person has inherited certain genetic variations that promote the development of these pigment marks. However, genetics are not the only factor at play, and environment, such as sun exposure , also plays a crucial role in the expression of freckle-related genetic characteristics.
Indeed, freckles are the result of a complex interaction between genetics, which influences the production of melanin, and exposure to the sun, which triggers this production specifically in certain areas of the skin. If your pigmentation-related genes respond more intensely to UV rays than average, this will likely lead to the appearance of freckles.
Individuals carrying certain versions of pigmentation-related genes may have a more intense response to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun, leading to increased melanin production and, consequently, the appearance of dark spots. freckle.
Exposure to the sun is therefore one of the main triggers for the appearance of freckles. When the skin is exposed to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun, melanocytes respond by increasing the production of this pigment. In individuals prone to freckles, this reaction may be more intense.
As you may have noticed, freckles usually appear on areas of the face, arms and shoulders, which are more frequently exposed to the sun. This explains why these marks are often more pronounced during the summer months or in people living in areas with high sunlight.
The variety of skin types plays a crucial role in the propensity to develop freckles. Fair, sun-sensitive skin is more likely to react with increased pigmentation in response to UV exposure. Individuals with naturally higher pigmentation often have natural protection against sun damage, reducing the risk of developing freckles.
It is important to note that people with darker skin tones may also have freckles, although these may be less visible due to the higher pigmentation of their skin.
Are freckles moles?
Moles , or nevi, are local accumulations of melanocytes in the skin. They can vary in color, from brown to black, depending on the amount of melanin they contain. Although freckles and moles are distinct phenomena, they share similarities in their pigmentation-related origin.
People with moles may be more prone to developing freckles because they already have higher concentrations of melanocytes in certain areas of their skin. However, it is important to note that not all individuals with moles necessarily develop freckles, and vice versa.
To find out more about moles, head to our article.
Is it rare to have freckles?
Freckles are usually seen on fair skin , which is more sensitive to the effects of the sun. It is important to note that the visibility of freckles may differ at birth, sometimes becoming apparent over the years, especially during childhood, following repeated exposure to the sun.
This highlights that although freckles are not initially noticeable, they can become evident over time, highlighting the influence of the environment, particularly sun exposure, on their appearance. The frequency of these pigment marks varies depending on genetic characteristics and individual skin type. In summary, freckles are not exclusively linked to birth and can emerge during growth.
When do freckles disappear?
In general, freckles don't tend to disappear on their own. They are often present from childhood and persist throughout life. However, their visibility may vary depending on various factors.
You may choose to use lightening products or dermatological treatments to fade the appearance of freckles, but it is always recommended to consult a healthcare professional.
How to prevent freckles from appearing?
Here are some tips to prevent the appearance of freckles and protect your skin:
- Sun protection : Sun exposure is one of the main triggers of freckles . Use sunscreen and cosmetic treatments with a high protection factor, especially on exposed areas such as the face, arms, shoulders and décolleté . Reapply frequently, especially after swimming or sweating.
- Avoid hours of intense sunlight : Limit your direct exposure to the sun during hours when UV rays are strongest, generally between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
- Wear protective clothing : In addition to sunscreen, wear clothing that effectively covers your skin. Wide-brimmed hats can also protect the face.
- Sunglasses : Protect your eyes and surrounding skin by wearing sunglasses that block UV rays.
- Skin hydration : Well-hydrated skin is less likely to develop freckles. Use moisturizers appropriate for your skin type.
- Antioxidants in the diet : Certain foods rich in antioxidants, such as fruits and vegetables, can help protect the skin from sun damage.
- Avoid the use of UV lamps : Tanning beds and UV lamps can also contribute to increased freckles. Avoid their excessive use.